Relevant reference material
The bowhead whale (Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Population)
Bowhead whales and impacts of industry activities
Industry impacts on cetaceans
Behavioural ecology and disturbance risk
- Blackwell, S.B., W.J. Richardson, C.R. Greene Jr., and B. Streever. 2007. Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)Migration and calling behaviour in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, Autumn 2001-04: An acoustic localisation study. Arctic 60(3): 255-270.
- Brandon, J.R. and P.R. Wade. 2007. Assessment of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock of bowhead whales using Bayesian model averaging. J. Cet. Res. Manage. 8(3): 225-240
- COSEWIC. 2005. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. Viii + 51pp. (www.saraegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm)
- Dorsey, E.M., W.J. Richardson, and B. Würsig. 1989. Factors affecting surfacing, respiration, and dive behaviour of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) summering in the Beaufort Sea. Can. J. Zool. 67(7): 1801-1815
- George, J.C., J. Zeh, R. Suydam, and C. Clark. 2004. Abundance and population trend (1978-2001) of western arctic bowhead whales surveyed near Barrow, Alaska. Mar. Mam. Sci. 20: 755-773.
- Koski, W.R. and G.W. Miller. 2009. Habitat use by different size classes of bowhead whales in the central Beaufort Sea during late summer and autumn. Arctic. 62(2): 137-150
- Koski, W.R., J.C. George, G. Sheffield, and M.S. Galginaitis. 2005. Subsistence harvests of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) at Kaktovik, Alaska (1973-2000). J. Cet. Res. Manage. 7(1): 33-37
- Landino, S.W., S.D. Treacy, S.A. Zerwick, and J.B. Dunlap. 1994. A large aggregation of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) feeding near Point Barrow, Alaska, in late October 1992. Arctic 47(3): 232-235
- Ljungblad, D.K., S.E. Moore, and J.T. Clarke. 1986. Assessment of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) feeding patterns in the Alaskan Beaufort and Northeastern Chukchi Seas via aerial surveys, fall 1979-84. Rep. Int. Whale. Comm. 36: 265-272
- Lowry, L.F., G. Sheffield, and J.C. George. 2004. Bowhead whale feeding in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, based on stomach contents analyses. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 6: 215-223.
- Moore, S.E., and K.L. Laidre. 2006. Trends in sea ice cover within habitats used by bowhead whales in the Western Arctic. Ecol. App. 16(3): 932-944
- Richardson, W.J., and D.H. Thomson [eds.] 2002. Bowhead whale feeding in the eastern Alaskan Beaufort Sea: update of scientific and traditional information, Vol 1. OCS Study MMS 2002-012; LGL Rep. TA2196-7. Rep. from LGL Ltd. King City, Ont., for U.S. Minerals Management Service, Anchorage, AK and Herndon, VA.
- Schick, R.S., and D.L. Urban. 2000. Spatial components of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) distribution in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 57: 2193-2200
- Shelden, K.E., and D.J. Rugh. 1995. The bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus: Its historic and current status. Mar. Fish. Rev. 57(3-4): 1-20
- Treacy, S.D. 2002. Aerial surveys of endangered whales in the Beaufort Sea, Fall 2001. OCS Study MMS 2002-061. Rep. for Minerals Management Service, Anchorage, AK. 118pp
- Treacy, S.D., J.S. Gleason, and C.J. Cowles. 2006. Offshore distances of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) observed during fall in the Beaufort Sea, 1982-2000: An alternative interpretation. Arctic. 59(1): 83-90
- Woodby, D.A. and D.B. Botkin. 1993. Stock prior to commercial whaling. . Chap. 10. In: J.J. Burns, J.J. Montague, and C.J. Cowles, [eds.], The bowhead whale. The Society for Marine Mammalogy, Special Publication No. 2. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press Inc.
- Würsig, B., E.M. Dorsey, M.A. Fraker, R.S. Payne, W.J. Richardson, and R.S. Wells. 1984. Behaviour of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) summering in the Beaufort Sea: surfacing, respiration, and dive characteristics. Can. J. Zool. 62(10): 1910-1921.
- Würsig, B., E.M. Dorsey, M.A. Fraker, R.S. Payne, and W.J. Richardson. 1985. Behaviour of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), summering in the Beaufort Sea: a description. Fish. Bull. 83(3): 357-377
Bowhead whales and impacts of industry activities
- Fraker, M.A., D.K. Ljungblad, W.J. Richardson, and D.R. Van Schoik. 1985. Bowhead whale behaviour in relation to seismic exploration, Alaskan Beaufort Sea, Autumn 1981.OCS Study MMS 85‑0077. Rep. From LGL Ltd, Ecol. Res. Assoc., Bryan, TX, and Naval Ocean Systems Centre, San Diego, CA., for U.S. Minerals Management Service, Reston, VA. 40p
- Koski, W.R., D.W. Funk, D.S. Ireland, C. Lyons, K. Christie, A.M. Macrander, and S.B. Blackwell. 2009. An update on feeding by bowhead whales near an offshore seismic survey in the Central Beaufort Sea. Working paperSC/61/BRG3 presented to the Int. Whal.Comm. Madeira, Portugal 24 pp
- Ljungblad, D.K., B. Würsig, S.L. Swartz, and J.M. Keene. 1988. Observations on the behavioural response of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) to active geophysical vessels in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Arctic. 41(3): 183-194
- Richardson, W.J., M.A. Fraker, B. Würsig, and R.S. Wells. 1985. Behaviour of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) summering in the Beaufort Sea: reactions to industrial activities. Biol. Conserv. 32(3): 185-230.
- Richardson, W.J., B. Würsig, and C.R. Greene Jr. 1986. Reactions of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) to seismic exploration in the Canadian Beaufort Sea, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79(4): 1117-1128
- Richardson, W.J., R.A. Davis, C.R. Evans, D.K. Ljungbland, and P. Norton. 1987. Summer distribution of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) relative to oil and gas activities in the Canadian Beaufort Sea, 1980-1984. Arctic. 40(2): 93-104
- Richardson, W.J., B. Würsig, and C.R. Greene Jr. 1990. Reactions of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) to Drilling and Dredging noise in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Mar. Environ. Res. 29: 135-160
Industry impacts on cetaceans
- Madsen, P.T., B. Møhl, B.K. Nielsen, and M. Wahlberg. 2002. Male sperm whale behaviour during exposures to distant seismic survey pulse. Aquatic Mamm. 28 (3): 231-240
- Miller, P.J.O., M.P. Johnson, P.T. Madsen, N. Biassone, M. Quero, and P.L. Tyack. 2009. Using at-sea experiments to study the effects of airguns on the foraging behaviour of sperm whales in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Res. I. 56(7): 1168-1181
- Gailey, G., B. Würsig, and T.L. McDonald. 2007. Abundance, behaviour and movement patterns of western gray whales to a 3D seismic survey, Northeast Sakhalin Island, Russia. Environ. Monit. Assess. 134(1-3): 75-91
- Richardson, W.J., C.R. Greene, C.I. Malme, D.H. Thomson. 1995. Marine Mammals and Noise, Academic Press. 576pp
- Todd, S., P. Stevick, J. Lien, F. Marques, and D. Ketten. 1996. Behavioural effects of exposure to underwater explosions in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Can. J. Zoo. 74: 1661-1672
- Yazvenko, S.B., T.L. McDondald, A. Blokhin, S.R. Johnson, H.R. Melton, M.W. Newcomer, R. Nielson, and P.W. Wainwright. 2007. Feeding of western gray whales during a seismic survey near Sakhalin Island Russia. Environ. Monit. Assess. 134: 93-106
Behavioural ecology and disturbance risk
- Beale, C.M. 2007. The behavioural ecology of disturbance responses. Int. J. Comp. Psychol. 20: 111-120
- Beale, C.M. and P. Monaghan. 2004. Human disturbance: people as predation-free predators. J. Appl. Ecol. 41: 335-343
- Bejder, L., A. Samuels, H, Whitehead, H. Finn, and S. Gales. 2009. Impact assessment research: use and misuse of habituation, sensitization and tolerance in describing wildlife responses to anthropogenic stimuli. Mar. Ecol-Prog. Ser. 395: 177-185.
- Frid, A. and L. Dill. 2002. Human caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk. Conserv. Ecol. 6(1): 11-26